Grease a baking sheet with butter or line with parchment paper. Set aside.
In a medium saucepan, combine sugar, corn syrup, and water. Stir until the sugar is dissolved.
Bring the mixture to a boil over medium heat. Clip a candy thermometer to the side of the pan, ensuring the tip is submerged in the syrup but not touching the bottom.
Cook the syrup, stirring occasionally, until it reaches 300°F (149°C) on the candy thermometer (hard crack stage).
Remove the saucepan from the heat. Stir in the butter, vanilla extract, and baking soda. The mixture will foam up.
Quickly stir in the roasted peanuts until they are well coated.
Pour the peanut mixture onto the prepared baking sheet and spread it into a thin, even layer using a greased spatula or spoon.
Let the peanut brittle cool completely on the baking sheet. Once cool, break it into pieces.
Notes
Store peanut brittle in an airtight container at room temperature for up to a week.