In a bowl, combine buttermilk, hot sauce, garlic powder, salt, and pepper for the marinade. Add chicken thighs and toss to coat. Cover and refrigerate for at least 30 minutes, or up to 4 hours.
In a shallow dish, whisk together flour, paprika, cayenne pepper, garlic powder, salt, and black pepper for the dry coating.
Remove chicken from marinade, letting excess drip off. Dredge each piece of chicken in the dry coating, ensuring it's fully covered.
Preheat your oven or air fryer to 400°F (200°C). Place coated chicken on a wire rack set over a baking sheet (if baking) or in the air fryer basket.
Bake for 20-25 minutes, or air fry for 18-20 minutes, flipping halfway through, until the chicken is golden brown and cooked through (internal temperature reaches 165°F or 74°C).
While the chicken is cooking, prepare the hot sauce glaze. In a small saucepan over medium heat, melt butter. Stir in brown sugar, hot sauce, cayenne pepper, and smoked paprika. Cook for 1-2 minutes until slightly thickened.
Once the chicken is cooked, brush generously with the hot sauce glaze. Serve immediately.
Notes
Serve with pickles, white bread, and a side of coleslaw for an authentic Nashville Hot Chicken experience.