Preheat oven to 350°F (175°C). Line an 8x8 inch baking pan with parchment paper, leaving an overhang on the sides.
In a medium bowl, combine graham cracker crumbs, melted butter, and sugar. Press mixture evenly into the bottom of the prepared pan.
Bake the crust for 10 minutes. Remove from oven and let it cool slightly while you prepare the filling.
In a medium saucepan, whisk together egg yolks, sugar, cornstarch, and water until smooth. Cook over medium heat, stirring constantly, until the mixture thickens and comes to a boil. Boil for 1 minute.
Remove from heat and stir in lemon zest, lemon juice, and butter until butter is melted and well combined. Pour the lemon filling over the prepared crust and spread evenly.
In a clean, dry bowl, beat egg whites and cream of tartar with an electric mixer until soft peaks form. Gradually add sugar, beating until stiff, glossy peaks form.
Spread the meringue evenly over the lemon filling, making sure to cover the filling all the way to the edges to prevent shrinking.
Bake for 12-15 minutes, or until the meringue is golden brown. Let the bars cool completely in the pan on a wire rack.
Once cooled, use the parchment paper overhang to lift the bars out of the pan. Cut into squares and serve.
Notes
For best results, use fresh lemons for both zest and juice. Ensure egg whites are at room temperature for optimal meringue volume.