In a large bowl, whisk flour, sugar, yeast, and salt until combined.
Cut the cold butter into 1/2 inch pieces and chill; roll dough into a rectangle, then layer butter over half of the dough and encase to form a butter block.
Laminate by rolling out, folding, and chilling the dough in intervals until the butter is evenly distributed.
Mix cheese filling with powdered sugar and vanilla until smooth; set aside.
Roll dough into a large rectangle, spread cheese filling, and cut into squares or rectangles.
Brush with egg wash, bake at 375 F for 18-22 minutes until golden. Cool before serving.
Notes
Best enjoyed warm with coffee. Freezable for up to 1 month; thaw and reheat gently.